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At the beginning of the conversation, Desmond Tutu explains the meaning of Ubuntu, a philosophical concept mysterious to non-African readers. According to Archbishop Tutu, Ubuntu is the essence of being a person, and a human becomes humanized only through interaction with other people. In addition, Ubuntu is based around generosity and compassion, which makes it vital for overcoming resentment, bitterness, and hatred. Lastly, the concept of Ubuntu promotes forgiveness as means of achieving mutual benefit. Therefore, forgiveness should be perceived as a pragmatic and realistic political instrument in the long perspective.
Ubuntu philosophy found a practical application in the legal paradigm of Restorative Justice. This paradigm draws upon traditional forms of African justice and focuses on repairing relations rather than punishing the offenders. Restorative Justice also seeks to restore the damaged personhood and dignity of the victims of injustice and oppression. Forgiveness is considered a key value in Restorative Justice since it prevents wounds of the old from festering. The Restorative Justice principle was implemented in practice by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission which investigated human rights violations committed during the apartheid years in South Africa. The Commission offered perpetrators on all sides of the South African conflict indemnity against prosecution in return for a declaration of truth. Such application of justice aligned with Ubuntu virtues of forgiveness and compassion.
In the last part of the interview, Desmond Tutu expressed his views on suffering, political leadership, and love. Suffering can either embitter or ennoble a human being; therefore, it can serve as an authenticity test for political leaders. For example, Nelson Mandela did not become possessed by an idea to punish those who mistreated him. Instead, Mandela retained dignity and showed forgiveness and benevolence towards his opponents, which put him above other political leaders of his time. Lastly, archbishop Tutu reminded the readers that love is universal, and God loves everyone regardless of their views and beliefs. In the end, Desmond Tutu expressed hope that readers will find new faith in themselves and realize their significance and beauty as they are made for goodness.
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