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Introduction
Eric Arthur Blair, George Orwell real name, was bone in India 1903 to a father of middle classes which was work with the British government. At 2 years old he was brought back to Britain with his mother and sister, finished hi school and failed in college while he was concerned more with writing and literature, he joined police and worked in India, later he joined the communist in Spain and participate in Spanish civil war, after succeed to escape from the war he went to Britain again and worked as teacher and finally decide to quit from teaching and to become a writer, who wrote many will known works that made him one of the most important 100 writer in the history of Britain as by time magazine. At age of 46 he died with TB soon after his remarkable work (1984 ) was published.
Animal farm was the first significant work that introduce Orwell to the literature world not only in Britain but to the world. The work was an allegory to the Russian revolution with satire nature making it publication difficult. Gollancz, one of publishers who refused to print the novel said about it ‘ highly critical of Meany aspect of internal end external soviet policy’. But when it published at the end it was admired by the critics. Edmund Wilson wrote in the New Yorker, 1946: ‘ But the truth is that [animal farm] is absolutely first-rate’
To understand the motives of Orwell to write such critical novel its better to her from him, one year after the novel was published Orwell wrote an article ( why I write) it which he said : ‘ What I wanted to do throughout the past ten years is to make political writing into an art My starting point is always a feeling of partisanship. a sense of injustice. When I sit down to write a book, I don’t say to myself. I’m going to produce a work of art.’ I write it because there is some lie I want to expose, some fact to which I want to draw attention’
The novel stated with a meeting of all of the animal of the farm leaded by the Old major who decided to start the revolution against the human being drunken owner of the farm, in this stage we notice the theme of idealism as the major set the rule of equality and camaraderie between all the animals. After death of the Old major, a competition started between two figures of pigs ‘snowball’ the descent thinker with loyalty to the revolution and the animals, and ‘Napoleon’ the powerful deceiver with craving to dominate and control the animals and the farm resources to his own benefit with his close friends and family of pigs. Napoleon was the dictator who used the propaganda to kill the snowball after he stole snowball plans, and to change the history of the farm he also decide to suppress education that was started with revolution. In this stage of novel, Orwell showed how revolutions are failed by deception and corruption.
In the beginning of revolution the animals was able to defend their farm against the humans, later on the humans was able to destroy the windmill planned by snowball and constructed by Napoleon. The end seen of the novel is a theme of apathy which appeared again among the animals when they sow the pigs hand to hand with humans enjoying their control of the low classes worker.
Conclusions
George Orwell in his great book animal farm he symbolizes the reality of struggles between classes that he experienced in his difficult life as he witnessed the bad nature of imperialism, the negative feeling and behavior from higher classes toward the lower ones in Britain and the deceiving between partners of revolutions in the Spanish civil war. He tried also to till the people about the perils of the dictatorial and Totalitarian governments.
His work remain one of the most important novels in the 19th century.
References
- Why I Writ; George Orwell 1946.
- George Orwell A literary life; Peter Davison
- The Social and Political Thoughts of George Orwell, A reassessment; Stephen Ingle
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