The Epic of Gilgamesh: Archetypal Elements

Table of Contents

Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
Work Cited

Introduction

The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the most important literature pieces that partly created the foundation for the art existing currently. Moreover, multiple archetypal elements can be derived from the poem, both regarding the rivalry and friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu and the epic as a whole. In this paper, the archetypes of hero and martyr will be examined, as well as the archetype of the beast illustrated through the Bull of Heaven.

Discussion

Gilgamesh is a direct representation of the archetype of the hero. The hero defeats the beast, is ready for sacrifice, and endures challenges to achieve the ultimate goal. This is illustrated in Gilgameshs quote, You and I shall kill him and wipe out something evil from the land (Sanders, line 48). Hence, the standard hero trope existing in fairy tales, novels, and epic poems of defeating evil is present. Enkidus archetype is the martyr, as he ends up being the sacrifice when Gods kill him for not fulfilling his purpose. His death is described by Gilgamesh in the following quote, But his eyes do not move, he touched his heart, but it beat no longer (Sanders, lines 45-46). Besides the relationship between the protagonist and his rival and then friend, archetypes can be highlighted throughout the epic.

An example is the beast archetype. The beast is the creature that the hero is to defeat for the goals to have been achieved. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the beast is the Bull of Heaven whom the two heroes face. The archetype of heroes defeats the beast as Gilgamesh recalls their battle when we killed the Bull of Heaven (Sanders, line 18). Thus, the trope has been fulfilled as the objective has been reached.

Conclusion

Multiple archetypes can be highlighted throughout the Epic of Gilgamesh. The literature piece can be considered the beginning of the formation of characters, symbols, and characteristics that will then be common within most novels and poems. Hence, it is essential to examine the source of archetypal elements as such examples help assess literature as a whole.