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multiculturalismThread One: New Jersey and multiculturalism
As a nation, we are not the result of one culture or experience. In Jamestown, for instance, we had at least three major cultures: Native Americans, English and African. While impressive, Jamestown diversity cannot be compared with New Jersey and its history.
New Netherland and New Sweden. online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=17443&itemid=WEHRC&iid=57308. MCC Library Access Point: https://ezproxy.middlesexcc.edu/login?url=https://online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=17443&itemid=WEHRC&iid=57308
The first European immigrants to New Jersey came from from Netherlands and Sweden. Since the early 1600s, the Dutch Empire established New Netherland: an colony composed by several tradings post and forts along the Hudson river. To control access to the Hudson river and trade with Native Americans, Dutch Empire established New Amsterdam in 1625. Soon after, the Swedish Empire followed Dutch example. On 1638, Swedish settlers established Fort Christina hoping to gain control over the Delaware river and develop a similar empire than that Dutch did. This colony was known as New Sweden.Both empires co-existed until 1655, when Dutch Empire took over New Sweden and the area was under sole control of the Dutch.
On 1664, the British empire took over New Netherlands, including the territories of New Sweden. King Charles II granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two of his supporters: John Berkeley and George Carteret. The new colony received the name of New Jersey, Carteret owned the eastern part, while Berkeley the western one.
In little more than forty years, Lenni- Lenape witnessed how immigrants from Netherlands, Sweden, England and other parts of the world gave birth to the most diverse colony in North America: New Jersey. As such, New Jersey was a place where different cultures try to leave their mark. Among those experiences, West New Jersey was one of the most interesting one.
On 1674, Berkeley sold West Jersey to John Fenwick and George Billing. The new owners were Quakers, a Christian denomination known for its egalitarian tendencies. Quakers believe that God can manifest on every human and often rejected titles when addressing other people. Those practices made them unwelcome in England and other colonies. In 1659 and later in 1661, Puritans executed four Quakers for practicing their faith. Those Quakers will be known as the Boston Martyrs.
Based on those experiences, West Jersey proprietors sought to create a society that reflected Quakers values. The result was the Constitution of West Jersey.
Document analysis: Excerpts from “The Charter or Fundamental Laws, of West New Jersey, Agreed Upon – 1676”
Source: “The Charter or Fundamental Laws, of West New Jersey, Agreed Upon – 1676,” Available at Yale University Library, Avalon Project, Documents on Law, History and Diplomacy at https://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/nj05.asp
Chapter XVI: “That no men, nor number of men upon earth, hath power or authority to rule over men’s consciences in religious matters, therefore it is consented, agreed and ordained, that no person or persons whatsoever within the said Province, at any time or times hereafter, shall be any ways upon any presence whatsoever, called in question, or in the least punished or hurt, either in person, estate, or priviledge, for the sake of his opinion, judgment, faith or worship towards God in matters of religion…”
Chapter XVII: “That no Proprietor, freeholder or inhabitant of the said Province of West New Jersey, shall be deprived or condemned of life, limb, liberty, estate, property or any ways hurt in his or their privileges, freedoms or franchises, upon any account whatsoever, without a due tryal, and Judgment passed by twelve good and lawful men of his neighborhood first had…”
Chapter XXII: “That the tryals of all causes, civil and criminal, shall be heard and decided by the virdict or judgment of twelve honest men of the neighborhood, only to be summoned and presented by the sheriff of that division, or propriety where the fact or trespass is committed; and that no person or persons shall he compelled to fee any attorney or councillor to plead his cause, but that all persons have free liberty to plead his own cause, if he please…”
Chapter XXIII: “That in all publick courts of justice for tryals of causes, civil or criminal, any person or persons, inhabitants of the said Province may freely come into, and attend the said courts, and hear and be present, at all or any such tryals as shall be there had or passed, that justice may not be done in a corner nor in any covert manner, being intended and resolved, by the help of the Lord, and by these our Concessions and Fundamentals [rights], that all and every person and persons inhabiting the said Province, shall, as far as in us lies, be free from oppression and slavery.”
Question
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Based on the Constitution of West Jersey, demonstrate the following argument: “Because Quakers believed humans were good, the Constitution of West Jersey empowered its citizens with rights” (at least four paragraphs)
Epilogue
As a result of the interaction between different cultures, religions and nations, New Jersey become a society defined by diversity. If you look at our public gatherings, churches, universities, restaurants, cultural centers, you will notice that diversity is at the core of who we are as New Jerseyans. Such diversity is not a trait of the present, but it was at the very foundation of our state,
East and West Jersey remained separated until 1702, when British monarchy acquired East and West Jersey and established the colony of New Jersey.
Question Thread One
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Based on the thread’s content, demonstrate the following argument: “New Jersey’s cultural diversity is rooted on the origins of the colony” (at least two paragraphs)
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