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The definition of life and the definition of its criteria are debatable. Metabolism is the most important attribute of life, but many inorganic systems possess this property, albeit in a more primitive form. Without attempting to list all attributes of living matter, since this is impossible, in determining the criterion of living matter, it is necessary to point out such properties which are not found in inorganic systems. Reproduction or self-reproduction is one of such properties of living things, explained both from the point of view of biology and philosophy. Nevertheless, many aspects that characterize a living organism are also inherent in a number of objects of inorganic nature, which the modern theory of self-organization has proved. For example, a number of researchers believe that the property of purposive existence is inherent not only to living systems but also to some objects of inorganic nature (Pigliucci, 2020). This criterion is present in volcanoes, the activity of which is reduced to the final stable result which is eruption.
Reference
Pigliucci, M. (2020). David Chalmers on consciousness and morality [Video].Vimeo.
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