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Main Post The psychiatric interview is one of the important diagnostic procedures in psychiatry, whereby relevant information is elicited intelligently to develop rapport with the patient for an effective treatment plan. The development of rapport, taking of psychiatric history, and mental status examination are the three common elements of the psychiatric interview. These three elements are foundational in the understanding of the client’s experiences and ensuring a thorough evaluation. It is important to build rapport because it lays a foundation of trust and frees the flow of information. The therapeutic alliance provides a setting in which clients are secure and safe to share personal information that may even be sensitive. Hartley et al. (2020) suggest that rapport ensures the commitment of the client to treatment, which is most needed in psychiatry, given the stigma and fear that might make one avoid an honest communication. Empathy from the clinician, listening attentively, and absence of judgment go a long way in contributing to this alliance, positively affecting the interview process and further interventions. Another important aspect involves the collection of a thorough psychiatric history. In this case, it involves an exploration into the client’s presenting symptoms, past psychiatric and medical history, family history of mental health disorders, social and developmental background, and substance use patterns. This may put the etiology of a client’s mental health condition in perspective, aid the identification of risk factors, and permit interventions to be accordingly adapted (Savander et al., 2021). A good history enables the clinician to distinguish between primary psychiatric disorders, medical conditions with active psychiatric presentations, and substance-induced disorders. The other component involved is the mental status examination (MSE) that entails looking systematically at the current psychological state of a client with regard to appearance, behavior, mood, thought content, perceptual abnormality, and insight. This is an evaluation of the client’s psychological condition and mental status that enables the provider to get present time information, adding insights to data that has already been obtained from the earlier parts of the interview (Lenouvel et al., 2022). If done properly, an MSE points to where a client may be malfunctioning, such as in cognitive functioning or psychotic disturbance, and contributes to the right diagnosis. The geriatric depression scale (GDS) is a self-administered inventory devised to be employed in conjunction with a formal psychiatric interview, so that more accurate diagnosis can be made. It is a self- administered questionnaire screening tool, that aims to identify depressive symptoms in elderly people. This is ideal for elder people since problems related to dementia or physical disability may interfere with other kinds of evaluation and comprises of a list of yes/no questions, which are simple to apply and grade. This tool has high sensitivity and specificity where, sensitivity of the 5-item GDS version ranges from 80 to 100 percent, while specificity in detecting depression of the elderly is between 70 to 85 percent (Brañez-Condorena et al., 2021). The GDS is most appropriate when administered in conjunction with psychiatric interviews of older people who present with signs such as depression, loss of interest in activities, or somatic complaints. The tool helps, for instance, to separate a case of depression from dementia, an aging-related condition where mood changes may be secondary instead of primary. Because the scale gives an actual index of response to treatments, it is also helpful in tracking the course of patients’ symptoms in terms of severity (Brañez-Condorena et al., 2021). Its integration into psychiatric assessment helps to promote holistic care and enhances an early detection of depression allowing for timely intervention. References Brañez-Condorena, A., Soriano-Moreno, D. R., Navarro-Flores, A., Solis-Chimoy, B., Diaz-Barrera, M. E., & Taype-Rondan, A. (2021). Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 16(7), e0253899. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253899Links to an external site. Hartley, S., Raphael, J., Lovell, K., & Berry, K. (2020). Effective nurse–patient relationships in mental health care: A systematic review of interventions to improve the therapeutic alliance. International Journal of Nursing Studies, p. 102, 103490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103490Links to an external site. Lenouvel, E., Chivu, C., Mattson, J., Young, J. Q., Klöppel, S., & Pinilla, S. (2022). Instructional Design Strategies for Teaching the Mental Status Examination and Psychiatric Interview: a Scoping Review. Academic Psychiatry 46(6), 750–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-022-01617-0Links to an external site. Savander, E. È., Hintikka, J., Wuolio, M., & Peräkylä, A. (2021). The Patients’ Practises Disclosing Subjective Experiences in the Psychiatric Intake Interview. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 605760. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.605760Links to an external site.
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