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Growth is an increase in the size of the body and changes in function and cell structure and development is changes in behavior, structure, and thoughts that result from maturation, learning, and different experiences. Growth and development don’t occur just however it takes many years and individual experiences. In order to be healthy people needs proper growth and development physically, spiritually, psychosocial, and mentally
The age group between the age of 28 days to 1 year is known as infant It is the earliest and new point of the human stage. In this stage, they learn many things and they need help to perform every task as they cannot eat, drink, or walk. In this stage, much physical growth and development occur such as internal organs growing in size, posterior fontanelle closing, and many reflexes such as sucking, Moro, and dancing refluxes are shown by infants. During this period their pupil starts to react to light and during 4 months their vision gets established and at 12 months can recognize their family member. Infant communicates through crying and by the month of 12, they started to say few words and understands many words spoken by others. They also start to change their position and crawl on their hands and knees. During the infant period, they start to move and stand and balance walking. Infants learn many things but require time to separate slowly from objects and show repetitive actions to imitate
Age groups between 2 to 4 years of age are meant to be toddlers. In this age group growth and development slows down and motor skills, speech, and cognitive speed rapidly. Toddlers gain 2 to 5 pounds of weight and their size will increase. In these year toddler start to walk, run and climb and many of them will be able to walk through stairs and start to draw a simple line. In this age group, children are likely to get injuries, they start to eat, and undress independently. From 12 to 24 months, children start to develop an attachment with their close ones and start developing friendships. Different abilities like social expertise incorporate how the child associates with family and peers.
Pre-school age is between the age somewhere in the range of 4 and 5. In this phase, they mostly learn and prepare for school and social companions. They walk properly with a good balance and steady gait, able to skip, jump forward and walk backward. They will in general learn and accomplish more order by rehearsing, they also will be able to distinguish right and wrong. This age begins with Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt in which they develop feelings of self-consciousness and a sense of self-control and independence. They try to concentrate on everything they do and start to understand the concept of time.
School age is the Age between 5 to 13 years. In this age group they have fine and strong motor skills This is the phase of advancement where the kid starts a lot of time receiving and building a lot of tendencies and capacities. There will be vast differences in height, weight, and build among children of these age groups. In this period they additionally set themselves up for taking scholarly duties and concentrating on objective setting and achievement. School-age children start to feel the need for real achievement and feelings of inferiority and if they cannot perform the task set by themselves then feelings of failure arise. In this age group, they learn to print letters and numbers and draw pictures clearly, they also can color properly. They can also get dressed by themselves and tie shoelaces.
Adolescence is the age group from 13 to 18 from this age group changes in puberty occurs, many changes occur in both boys and girls such as skin changes pimples, underarm hair, growth in facial hair, changes in voice, and in girls menstruation starts and breast enlargement occurs. Hormonal changes such as an increase in testosterone in boys and estrogen in girls occur and both the adrenal glands and sex glands get mature. changes in adolescence are more dramatic and greater than in other age groups, rapid increase in height and weight occurs and changes in the different systems also appear such as females’ bone becoming harder and more brittle and in males, muscles grow much faster than in females. In this stage, they want to do their things on their own and want freedom as well as force themselves away from the older folks. In this age group, people start to think more complexly and logically, they start to develop their own views and start making their own plans. During this stage adolescent starts learning by trial and error process., they also get influenced by their peer group and the community. According to Stanley Hall, a renowned American psychologist, individuals under the adolescent stage experience psychological and emotional turmoil, which he refers to as storm and stress . This is the stage in which most adolescents get involved in crimes and drugs.
Adulthood starts from the age of 18 years and early adulthood is from 18 to 39 years old and middle adulthood age is from 40 to 64 and late adulthood is after 64 years old. In this stage, fewer physical advancement achievements occur. During early adulthood, the rapid growth has been well and finished, in early adulthood people perform physical activities at their best. Adulthood is fundamentally the stage where individuals are completely considered genuinely, and straightly hold obligations, for example, unique social duties like driving, Voting, marriage, taking part in work, and other different social activities., etc. Early adulthood is also faced with career decisions. The young adult stage would be physically fit they have almost developed good strength and coordination skills as well as their hearing sense, sight, taste, smell, and touch senses will be at their best during young adulthood. In young adulthood women’s bodies become the best to conceive and carry a healthy baby to full term so, choose to give birth to a child and spent their parenthood.
Ageism is one the phase during late adulthood, the body’s system function slowly, and immunity power become low, so many people during this stage suffer from any disease. Many older people seem to be happy and engaged in different activities. Lots of physiological changes occur including atrophy of the brain as well as muscles becoming weak, and decreased sensory and motor function. During late adulthood, their memory power slows down and many of them suffer from dementia. Many of them also get retired and tend to be happy. They will also be the victim of chronic disease and die.
Every stage is part of the journey and is important for the growth and development of human beings. Every human being goes through those stages and ends up with death as it is the process of the world. Starting from infants to late adulthood physical growth, and cognitive, motor, and psychosocial occur in human beings.
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