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Evidence-based policy is based on a well-informed research and factual evidenced. However, evidence-based policy is established for the benefit of the public. In addition, evidence-based policy utilizes scientific methodologies to improve and validate the outcomes. Therefore, the use of random controlled trials to ascertain the reliability of variables and sample population is a common feature in evidence-based policy. According to Brownson (2009), evidence-based is characterized by testing of a theory. In this context, the testing of a theory determines whether the policy is effective in addressing the purpose of the research through its impacts. An examination of both direct and indirect impacts of the policy is a major element that defines evidence-based policy (Mays, McHugh, Shim, Perry, Lenaway, Halverson & Moonesinghe, 2006). In addition, evidence-based policy is characterized by the ability to be tested and replicated by other researchers. According to Brownson (2009), evidence-based policies are complex in nature and require both linear and logical presentations, to understand. Finally, evidence-based policy is based on three major domains which include process, content and outcome.
Three domains of evidence
Evidence-based policy is established through processing of various factors. Evidence-based policy process is initialized by identifying the problem. In this context, it is a complex process to ascertain whether problems are of any significance and requires any intervention. Upon identifying the problem, developing the required interventions or rather the policy is succeeded by developing alternative solutions. Understanding other influential factors that affect the policy-making process such as politics and economics is considered necessary. In addition, other factors affecting evidence-based policy making process include advocacy. In this regard, considering the persuasion of both opponents and proponents of the policy is critical. Apparently, an evidence-based policy requires a massive public appeal. Moreover, the process of sharing the evidence-based policy is a critical stage that requires utilization of effective communication strategies.
Policy content
The content elements are important aspects in the development of evidence-based policy. From this perspective, the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data reveals the policys content. Therefore, it is evident that evidence-based content is coded in the form of quantitative and qualitative data and requires systematic review. From this perspective, content analysis decodes data to information for better understanding of the evidence-based policy. Evidenced-based policy is based on components such as legal considerations, environmental and educational factors (Council of State Governments, 2008). The content of the evidence-based policy must address the goals of the same in a consistent manner.
Policy outcome
Research outcome is equally important as the goals of the evidence-based policy. The ultimate goal of evidence-based policy is to have a positive impact on individuals and the community. According to Mays, McHugh, Shim, Perry, Lenaway, Halverson & Moonesinghe (2006), the outcome and the respective impact must be quantified in terms of changes observed. Therefore, quantitative techniques are required in measuring the degree of change in among individuals and community as a result of the policy. According to Brownson (2009), using the RE-AIM framework to analyze the policy outcome is deemed as the most effective technique. From this perspective, five aspects of evidence-based policy outcomes are evaluated. For example, the number of people affected by the policy is of vital importance. The effectiveness of evidence-based policy in terms of impact and negative effects, as well as the adaptability of the same, is critical to researchers. Finally, implementation and maintenance aspects in terms of costs and institutionalization respectively validate the evidence-based policy.
Application of three domains to determine the evidence basis for the policy
The support for the legislation of the ban to use artificial trans fats in restaurants and bakeries is based on health complications emanating from the food components. Well-informed research by the Institute of medicine has found that consumption of trans fats is associated with the prevalence of coronary heart disease in the country. In this regard, at least seven states across America have restricted the use of trans fats, with California enacting a law banning usage of the same.
The legislation of the trans fats ban is based on the prevalence of coronary disease across the United States. The disease is a public health issue associated with nutrition and food safety. Therefore, food safety policy that bans the usage of fatty acids is inevitable. According to Council of State Governments (2008), major public health agencies at federal, state and local levels are to embrace the responsibility of educating and implementing food safety programs across the country. In addition, the problem associated with trans fats requires further research from nutritionists and medical professionals.
According to the evidence-based policy on banning the trans fats, public health education in schools and communities have yielded great benefits in improving national health. Improving health facilities across states that inspect trans fats in foods and diagnose patients with coronary heart disease will be critical. The example of California in banning trans fats is a credible example of how improvement on Food and Drugs Administration Act is necessary for public health.
The ban on trans fats is expected to improve food safety across the country by 90%. In addition, the evidence-based policy is expected to improve the health of coronary heart disease patients by at least 70%.
References
Brownson, R. C., Chriqui, J. F. & Stamatakis, K. A. (2009). Understanding evidence-based public health policy. American Journal of Public Health, 99(9), 1576-1583.
Council of State Governments. (2008). State policy guide: Using research in public health policymaking. Web.
Mays, G. P., McHugh, M. C., Shim, K., Perry, N., Lenaway, D., Halverson, P. K. & Moonesinghe, R. (2006). Institutional and economic determinants of public health system performance. American Journal of Public Health, 96(3), 523-531.
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