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Background
On the evening of January 2, 1982, the defendant was at his sisters residence in Hartford when the victim, Jeremiah Sharp, arrived. Sharp had been residing with the defendants sister sporadically for the last four years and had his things in the flat, but they had lately quarreled again. The victim came inebriated and immediately got into a dispute with the defendants sister, which the accused sought to stop. The defendants sister retired to her room, but the confrontation between the defendant and the victim continued, with the defendant asking the victim to leave.
During a disagreement between the defendant and the victim, the victim reached inside his jacket, and the defendant discovered a revolver in his waistband. Even though the victim was an older man, the defendant was younger, more attentive, and sober, whereas the victim was inebriated, stumbling, and out of control. By taking the revolver from the victims belt, the defendant disarmed him. The victim then armed himself with a steak knife and charged toward the defendant, holding the knife high. The defendant took a step back and fired a shot, striking the victim in the left ankle. Instead of retreating farther into a nearby room, the defendant fired a second shot, injuring the victim fatally.
Deductive Reasoning
Legal reasoning in the deductive form is most closely related to reasoning from enacted legislation, which often consists of broad norms. Such rules can be found in several official legal documents, constitutions, statutes, regulations, and presidential orders. In State v. Garrison, the accused, Jessie Garrison, was found guilty of murder in the first degree using a handgun in violation of General Statutes 53a-55(a)(1) and 53a-55a (a). In this case, the defendant asserted self-defense and premises defenses under General Statutes 53a-19 and 53a-20. The trial court rejected these arguments and declared the defendant guilty as charged.
The trial court under section 53a-19 determined that the evidence presented established the claim of self-defense. It thus imposed the burden of proof on the state. It was determined that the decedents efforts to draw the defendant would lead a reasonable person to assume that the perpetrator was about to cut him and that a slashing may result in severe bodily damage. The offender, who had the chance to disarm the firearm, could have done so or evaded him, according to the court, which determined that the state had met its burden of proof. The court made no more factual findings to support its determination.
In this case, section 53a-20 justifies using lethal physical force in two scenarios. That is, in self-defense, as defined in section 53a-19, or when a person reasonably believes it is essential to prevent the trespasser from committing any act of violence. The court determined that neither of the essential subordinate circumstances enabling fatal physical force had been proven without assessing whether the decedents presence in the defendants sisters apartment constituted a criminal trespass. The decedents inability to employ fatal force after being disarmed was shown beyond a reasonable doubt, according to the courts; hence the accuseds use of lethal physical force was not authorized under section 53a-19. The court additionally found that there was no credible proof that the defendant had a good faith belief that using [such force] was required to stop the victim from committing a violent crime.
Analogical Reasoning
An analogy applies a previous judgment to a later instance since the latter scenario is analogous to the earlier one. The decision in State v. Garrison was consistent with a previous decision in State v. Martin, notably on the question of trespass. In State v. Martin, the plaintiff was found guilty of first-degree criminal trespass in violation of General Statutes 53a-107. The accusation stemmed from the defendants failure to leave the grounds of Pratt and Whitney Aircraft in East Hartford after being instructed to do so by the chief of Pratt and Whitneys security guards.
The sections of 53a-20 dealing with premises defense justify using lethal force. The defendant, in this case, relied on that portion of § 53a-20, which permits the use of deadly force by a privileged person to be on the premises. Additionally, the provision applies to anybody who thinks that using force will stop a [criminal] trespasser from committing an act of violence or arson. To use this provision in this instance, the defendant would have had to be privileged to be on the premises, which the trial court determined. Sharp, the victim, would also have had to be a criminal trespasser. Criminal trespass requires the actor to know that he is not authorized or authorized to access or remain on the property. On the contrary, the court determined that the victim was not a criminal trespasser on the grounds.
Incompletely Theorized Agreements and the Associated Case
The theory is consistent with the case described, particularly the conclusion. These agreements are not uniformly conceptualized at all levels, occur in the middle of diversity and different perspectives, and concentrate on specific results rather than political ideology. It happens when individuals set aside their differences and rivalry to discover their shared humanity and answers to societys challenges.
Based on the information presented above, the defendant contends that the trial court erred in concluding that his use of lethal physical force was unjustified. The trial court determined that the defendant could not have reasonably believed the use of deadly physical force was necessary if he reasonably believed he could have disarmed the decedent. The court relied on the plaintiffs earlier disarming of the victim with his firearm and the defendants sobriety and awareness in contrast to the victims staggering drunkenness. Additionally, it was determined that the plaintiff might have forced the victim off balance, dispossessed him of his knife, and averted the use of lethal bodily force. As a result, the court ruled that the defendants use of force was excessive. The defendant objects to these conclusions because they are not founded on evidence showing the defendant knew or thought he could have avoided using lethal force by disarming his adversary.
The state responds that as the trier of fact, the trial court was authorized to conclude the facts as they appeared to the defendant. Such a decision requires the court to make conclusions from the facts presented in the evidence. Inferentially, the court may conclude that the defendant was aware that he could have disarmed the victim and was thus irrational in believing that fatal force was required. As a result, his use of such lethal force was unjustifiable. The issue with the states response is that the trial court did not make the specific conclusion on which the state would have us rely. The court determined that the defendant might have disarmed the victim without concluding that the defendant knew or thought he could have done so.
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