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Ownership of franchises in sports leagues in India has proven to be quite popular, at least optically, with the private sector. Most leagues have a standard format of a central league structure owned by promoters, who then seek corporate owners and partner them with celebrities as co-owners, with varying financial terms and equity allocations. Central sponsorship and team sponsorship are the key revenue models for such leagues, since broadcasting and gate revenues for a majority of the leagues do not contribute much to the top-line at least for the initial years. Even for relatively established leagues such as the ISL or the PKL, broadcast revenues do not exist since one of the key promoters is the broadcaster itself. Also, unlike international leagues, no tangible infrastructure or assets accrue to the league itself or to any of its franchise owners since stadiums are rented and not owned, even for the IPL or ISL.
This of course limits growth potential beyond the rights that are owned by the league or the franchises, but as with the IPL and the PKL, even the rights have significant value and exponential leaps in valuation potential. While a league first approach has had its positives, the sports vertical today is flooded with start-up leagues, and unfortunately a finite sub-set of potential investors or sponsors. There is also significant overlap of stakeholders across leagues, with the same consortium or corporate owning teams in multiple leagues for example, Iquest Enterprises is the consortium that owns the Chennai PKL team, the Kerala Blasters in the ISL and the Bengaluru Blasters team which was recently offloaded from the Premier Badminton League. This is great for synergies and consistent practices from the franchise owners perspective, but not so much the increase in the overall number of corporates demanding investable opportunities in leagues. The end result is that many leagues fold shortly after their initial few seasons, and the biggest sufferers then are the sportspersons or personnel who often dont have a plan B. This loops back to how best to protect the rights of those who are the most vulnerable in this structure. Leagues across sports have limited chances at succeeding, and many simply do not because of the market situation and competition.
The IPL actually had a valuable blue-print. It took a phenomenon, surrounded it with what works for Indian entertainment, and improved upon what was time-tested. Novice leagues frequently dont have the baseline ingredients for a successful product, and are unable to achieve critical mass soon enough for the promoters or investors. Many also do not have any unique overriding aspect that would allow them to build a value proposition that doesnt merely replicate the IPL or PKL model without the attraction to investors or audiences that the two leagues already have built up. But, through the market realities, a few leagues have and will eventually emerge, either through the elite home-grown talent, the growing popularity of a particular sport, or a well-marketed property that derives and provides value to investors, sponsors, participants, and critically, the audiences.
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